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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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peru.4
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1991-04-10
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Economy
Overview: The economy is verging on hyperinflation and economic
activity is contracting rapidly. Deficit spending is at
the root of domestic economic problems, but poor relations
with international lenders--the result of curtailing debt
payments since 1985--are preventing an inflow of funds to
generate a recovery. Reduced standards of living have increased
labor tensions, and strikes, particularly in the key mining
sector, have cut production and exports. Foreign exchange
shortages have forced reductions in vital consumer imports
such as food and industrial inputs. Peru is the world's
leading producer of coca, from which the drug cocaine is
produced.
GDP: $18.9 billion, per capita $880; real growth rate -12.2%
(1989 est.).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2,775% (1989).
Unemployment rate: 15.0%; underemployment estimated at 60% (1989).
Budget: revenues $3.2 billion; expenditures $3.7 billion,
including capital expenditures of $796 million (1986).
Exports: $3.55 billion (f.o.b., 1989); commodities--fishmeal,
cotton, sugar, coffee, copper, iron ore, refined silver,
lead, zinc, crude petroleum and byproducts; partners--EC 22%,
US 20%, Japan 11%, Latin America 8%, USSR 4%.
Imports: $2.50 billion (f.o.b., 1989); commodities--foodstuffs,
machinery, transport equipment, iron and steel semimanufactures,
chemicals, pharmaceuticals; partners--US 23%, Latin America 16%,
EC 12%, Japan 7%, Switzerland 3%.
External debt: $17.7 billion (December 1989).
Industrial production: growth rate -25.0% (1988 est.).
Electricity: 4,867,000 kW capacity; 15,540 million kWh produced,
725 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles,
clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel,
shipbuilding, metal fabrication.
Agriculture: accounts for 12% of GDP, 37% of labor force;
commercial crops--coffee, cotton, sugarcane; other crops--rice,
wheat, potatoes, plantains, coca; animal products--poultry,
red meats, dairy, wool; not self-sufficient in grain or
vegetable oil; fish catch of 4.6 million metric tons (1987),
world's fifth-largest.
Illicit drugs: world's largest coca producer and source
of supply for coca paste and cocaine base; about 85% of
cultivation is for illicit production; most of coca base
is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into
cocaine for the international drug market.
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $1.6 billion;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-87), $3.7 billion; Communist countries (1970-88),
$577 million.
Currency: inti (plural--intis); 1 inti (I/) = 1,000 soles.
Exchange rates: intis (I/) per US$1--5,261.40 (December 1989),
128.83 (1988), 16.84 (1987), 13.95 (1986), 10.97 (1985).
Fiscal year: calendar year.